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VARIABILITY IN THE NATURAL TERMITE RESISTANCE OF PLANTATION TEAK WOOD AND ITS RELATIONS WITH WOOD EXTRACTIVE CONTENT AND COLOR PROPERTIES Lukmandaru, Ganis
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Property of natural termite resistance of teak (Tectona grandis)wood signifies one of its most important characteristics. With the purpose of understanding the variation in such resistance, four teak trees in the form of trunk (stem) from Randublatung , Central Java were randomly selected, and each wood portion sampled in radial and axial direction. Extractive content and color properties of the teak wood were also measured and correlated with properties of its natural termite resistance. Bioassay test was conducted by no-choice feeding method using Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe termites. The extractive contents were determined by successive extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Color properties were measured with the CIELAB system. Results showed that antitermitic activity of the teak wood was affected by radial and axial position in the corresponding tree. The wood from middle part of the trees in axial direction exhibited the most resistant to termites (mean mass loss = 1- 4 mg ), while in radial direction the sapwood exhibited the least resistance ( greatest mass loss), and moving inward to the near-pith heartwood the resistance tended to decrease somewhat (slight increase of mass loss). Heartwood and sapwood part differed significantly in ethyl acetate and methanol- soluble extractive contents. Apparently, the greater the ethyl-acetate-soluble extractives (EEC) then the higher the termite resistant (lower mass loss), and conversely the greater the methanol- soluble extractive (MEC) then the lower the termite resistant ( greater mass loss). The brightness index (L*) and redness index (a*) varied significantly in radial direction, however, no significant variation was found in color properties within the heartwood. No strong degree correlation was measured between the mass loss due to termite activity and extractive content parameters. In both heartwood and sapwood, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.50) was found between the mass loss and redness (a*), while correspondingly a significant positive correlation (r = +0.54) occurred between brightness and mass loss. These occurring phenomena strongly suggested that the red colored teak wood was brought about by the moderately polar EEC (e.g. tannin, quinone, and other polyphenol) that inflicted teak-wood resistance against termite (lower mass loss), while the bright-colored teak wood was due to the highly polar MEC (e.g sugar and other soluble carbohydrate) which were conversely responsible for lowering termite resistance ( greater mass loss).

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AFFORDED BY THE EXTRACT FROM RARU BARK TO INHIBIT ACTION OF ALPHA- GLUCOSIDASE ENZYMES Pasaribu, Gunawan; Syafii, Wasrin; Darusman, Latifah K.
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Raru (Shoreabalanocarpoides Sym) signifies one of the tree species that grows widespread in Sumatra Island. Â Its bark portion is commonly used by local villagers as additional ingredient mixed to nira (sugar palm juice). Â This addition is intended to make the juice more durable and also to enrich its taste after the juice is previously fermented to become traditional toddy beverage or the so-call âtuakâ. Â Local villagers believe that raru bark can reduce the level of blood sugar. As the relevance, the research was conducted to confirm that the extract from raru bark could afford its biological activities to inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzyme through its characterization, quantification, and isolation of its boactive compound. The extraction was performed using two methods (i.e.reflux and maceration techniques). Result revealed that the bark extract obtained from both techniques contained polyphenol compounds: flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Further, raru-bark extract from the reflux and maceration techniques could inhibit the action of alpha glucosidase enzymes on carbohydrate substrate ( i.e. p -nitrophenil-Î±-D-glucopyranose), at respectively 90.67% and 97.33%. Meanwhile, the inhibition activities afforded by the patented drug as a control (i.e. glucobay) equaled to 97.05%. Â Assesment using UV-VIS spectroscopy, showed that the maximum spectrum of bioactive compound in the extract was at the wave length of 288.6 nm. Scrutiny using FTIR spectroscopy could identif y the presence of aromatic groups in the compound, containing -OH, C-H, C=C, C-O and C-H bond types. Analysis using GC-MS exhibited that the compound had molecular weight of 390 with molecular structure as C20H22O8. Ultimately, data analysis scrutiny with the aid of NMR judged the most plausible compound as bioactive was 4-Glucosyl-3, 4â, 5-trihydroxystilbene.

ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF GEMOR TREE SPECIES IN CENTRAL AND EAST KALIMANTAN Adinugroho, Wahyu C.; Sidiyasa, Kade; Rostiwati, Tati; Syamsuwida, Dida
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The aim of this study was to determine the ecological conditions and distribution of gemor bark producing tree species at Tuanan village in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province and Long Daliq village in Kutai Barat, East Kalimantan Province. In order to collect adequate vegetation data, several obser vation plots were laid out by using purposive sampling. Primary and secondary data were collected from the plot areas by obser ving directly the habitat and its ecological condition of vegetation. It was revealed that the gemor tree species tended to grow well on the habitats which have a thin layer of peat (< 2 m), pH 3 â 4 and in a humid climatic condition. Â Two gemor bark producing tree species were identidfied in the study areas, namely Nothaphoebe coriacea (Kosterm.) Kosterm. and Â N. umbelliflora Blume. The similarity level of vegetation composition at both sites (Kapuas and Kutai Barat Districts) was low. The tree species richness in the plot areas of Tuanan in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan (82 species, 57 genera and 28 families) was higher than that found in Long Daliq, Kutai Barat District, East Kalimantan (38 species, 26 genera and 19 families).

FERTILITY VARIATION AND EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE IN A TEAK CLONAL SEED ORCHARD Sumardi, Sumardi
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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A 27 year old Â clonal seed orchard of teak (Tectona grandis L.f ) in Padangan, East Java comprising 24 clones, was evaluated for fertility, offspring diversity, and genetic drift. Flower and fruit productions were used to assess clone fertility in the orchard. Fertility variation measured as âsibling coefficientâ was found to be 1,62, having high genetic diversity (0,97) and low coancestry (0,03). The clones varied in fertility in which, Â 25 % of the most fertile clones in the orchard contributed to 47,5 % of flower and fruit yields. Effective population size in the orchard was 15, indicating that 15 of the clones contributed effectively to seed yield. Separating on the amounts of seeds that can be collected, individual collection, and proportional mixing of seed per clone might be useful in restricting over representation of highly reproductive clones thereby increasing genetic diversity in the seed crop. Another way to improve seed yield in the orchard is by increasing the effective population size. Thinning or prunning on highly reproductive clones might be useful in increasing effective population size.

SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISMS OF FOUR CHLOROPLAST GENES IN FOUR ACACIA SPECIES Widyatmoko, Anthonius Y.P.B.C.; Shiraishi, Susumu
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Sequence polymorphisms among and within four Acacia species, Â A. aulacocarpa, A. auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa, and A. mangium, were investigated using four chloroplast DNA genes (atpA, petA, rbcL, and rpoA). The phylogenetic relationship among these species is discussed in light of the results of the sequence information. No intraspecific sequence variation was found in the four genes of the four species, and a conservative rate of mutation of the chloroplast DNA genes was also confirmed in the Acacia species. In the atpA and petA of the four genes, all four species possessed identical sequences, and no sequence variation was found among the four Acacia species. In the rbcL and rpoA genes, however, sequence polymorphisms were revealed among these species. Acacia aulacocarpa and A. crassicarpa shared an identical sequence, and A. auriculiformis and A. mangium also showed no sequence variation. Â The fact that A. mangium and A. auriculiformis shared identical sequences as did A. aulacocarpa and A. crassicarpa indicated that the two respective species were extremely closely related. Although a putative natural hybrid of A. aulacocarpa and A. auriculiformis has been reported, our results suggested that natural hybridization should be further verified using molecular markers.

CHANGES IN THE SPECIES COMPOSITION, STAND STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST IN SAMBOJA, EAST KALIMANTAN Krisnawati, Haruni; Wahjono, Djoko; Imanuddin, Rinaldi
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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The dynamics of species composition, stand structure and aboveground biomass were studied over a 4.3-yr period (December 2004 â April 2009) in a lowland dipterocarp forest of Samboja, East Kalimantan. This study was conducted in six permanent sample plots (100 m x 100 m each) distributed over an area of 26.5 ha of Samboja Research Forest. All woody plants = 10 cm dbh (diameter at 1.3 m aboveground) were identified. In December 2004, 2.143 trees were measured in the six plots, consisting of 39 families, 82 genera and 111 species. The condition in April 2009 (after 4.3 yr) was: 2,466 trees, 40 families, 86 genera and 123 species. Most species were found in both occasions. Fourteen new species were registered, which contributed to 9.8% of a net addition of the total number of species found in the six plots. Over the 4.3-yr period, there was also an increase of 15.1% in density, 12.9% in basal area, and 11.6% in aboveground biomass, respectively. The density increased from 357 to 411 trees per ha; the basal area increased from 20.09 to 22.67 m2 ha-1; and the aboveground biomass increased from 286.3 to 319.4 ton ha. The family Dipterocarpaceae was the richest in species (more than 20 species found in both occasions), followed by Euphorbiaceae, Burseraceae, Fabaceae, and Anacardiaceae (more than five species). Most genera (80%) contained just one species, but Shorea with 13 species was the richest. Four families (Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae) contained more than 80% of the aboveground biomass in both occasions (75% of them from Dipterocarpaceae family). The increases in species richness and density did not cause any significant differences in the diversity index and diameter distribution. This condition suggested that forest vegetation of the study site maintains its diversity composition and structural features over the period of study.

CHANGES IN THE SPECIES COMPOSITION, STAND STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST IN SAMBOJA, EAST KALIMANTAN Krisnawati, Haruni; Wahjono, Djoko; Imanuddin, Rinaldi
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.1.1-16

The dynamics of species composition, stand structure and aboveground biomass were studied over a 4.3-yr period (December 2004 â April 2009) in a lowland dipterocarp forest of Samboja, East Kalimantan. This study was conducted in six permanent sample plots (100 m x 100 m each) distributed over an area of 26.5 ha of Samboja Research Forest. All woody plants = 10 cm dbh (diameter at 1.3 m aboveground) were identified. In December 2004, 2.143 trees were measured in the six plots, consisting of 39 families, 82 genera and 111 species. The condition in April 2009 (after 4.3 yr) was: 2,466 trees, 40 families, 86 genera and 123 species. Most species were found in both occasions. Fourteen new species were registered, which contributed to 9.8% of a net addition of the total number of species found in the six plots. Over the 4.3-yr period, there was also an increase of 15.1% in density, 12.9% in basal area, and 11.6% in aboveground biomass, respectively. The density increased from 357 to 411 trees per ha; the basal area increased from 20.09 to 22.67 m2 ha-1; and the aboveground biomass increased from 286.3 to 319.4 ton ha. The family Dipterocarpaceae was the richest in species (more than 20 species found in both occasions), followed by Euphorbiaceae, Burseraceae, Fabaceae, and Anacardiaceae (more than five species). Most genera (80%) contained just one species, but Shorea with 13 species was the richest. Four families (Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae) contained more than 80% of the aboveground biomass in both occasions (75% of them from Dipterocarpaceae family). The increases in species richness and density did not cause any significant differences in the diversity index and diameter distribution. This condition suggested that forest vegetation of the study site maintains its diversity composition and structural features over the period of study.

VARIABILITY IN THE NATURAL TERMITE RESISTANCE OF PLANTATION TEAK WOOD AND ITS RELATIONS WITH WOOD EXTRACTIVE CONTENT AND COLOR PROPERTIES Lukmandaru, Ganis
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.1.17-31

Property of natural termite resistance of teak (Tectona grandis)wood signifies one of its most important characteristics. With the purpose of understanding the variation in such resistance, four teak trees in the form of trunk (stem) from Randublatung , Central Java were randomly selected, and each wood portion sampled in radial and axial direction. Extractive content and color properties of the teak wood were also measured and correlated with properties of its natural termite resistance. Bioassay test was conducted by no-choice feeding method using Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe termites. The extractive contents were determined by successive extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Color properties were measured with the CIELAB system. Results showed that antitermitic activity of the teak wood was affected by radial and axial position in the corresponding tree. The wood from middle part of the trees in axial direction exhibited the most resistant to termites (mean mass loss = 1- 4 mg ), while in radial direction the sapwood exhibited the least resistance ( greatest mass loss), and moving inward to the near-pith heartwood the resistance tended to decrease somewhat (slight increase of mass loss). Heartwood and sapwood part differed significantly in ethyl acetate and methanol- soluble extractive contents. Apparently, the greater the ethyl-acetate-soluble extractives (EEC) then the higher the termite resistant (lower mass loss), and conversely the greater the methanol- soluble extractive (MEC) then the lower the termite resistant ( greater mass loss). The brightness index (L*) and redness index (a*) varied significantly in radial direction, however, no significant variation was found in color properties within the heartwood. No strong degree correlation was measured between the mass loss due to termite activity and extractive content parameters. In both heartwood and sapwood, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.50) was found between the mass loss and redness (a*), while correspondingly a significant positive correlation (r = +0.54) occurred between brightness and mass loss. These occurring phenomena strongly suggested that the red colored teak wood was brought about by the moderately polar EEC (e.g. tannin, quinone, and other polyphenol) that inflicted teak-wood resistance against termite (lower mass loss), while the bright-colored teak wood was due to the highly polar MEC (e.g sugar and other soluble carbohydrate) which were conversely responsible for lowering termite resistance ( greater mass loss).

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AFFORDED BY THE EXTRACT FROM RARU BARK TO INHIBIT ACTION OF ALPHA- GLUCOSIDASE ENZYMES Pasaribu, Gunawan; Syafii, Wasrin; Darusman, Latifah K.
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.1.32-49

Raru (Shoreabalanocarpoides Sym) signifies one of the tree species that grows widespread in Sumatra Island. Â Its bark portion is commonly used by local villagers as additional ingredient mixed to nira (sugar palm juice). Â This addition is intended to make the juice more durable and also to enrich its taste after the juice is previously fermented to become traditional toddy beverage or the so-call âtuakâ. Â Local villagers believe that raru bark can reduce the level of blood sugar. As the relevance, the research was conducted to confirm that the extract from raru bark could afford its biological activities to inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzyme through its characterization, quantification, and isolation of its boactive compound. The extraction was performed using two methods (i.e.reflux and maceration techniques). Result revealed that the bark extract obtained from both techniques contained polyphenol compounds: flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Further, raru-bark extract from the reflux and maceration techniques could inhibit the action of alpha glucosidase enzymes on carbohydrate substrate ( i.e. p -nitrophenil-Î±-D-glucopyranose), at respectively 90.67% and 97.33%. Meanwhile, the inhibition activities afforded by the patented drug as a control (i.e. glucobay) equaled to 97.05%. Â Assesment using UV-VIS spectroscopy, showed that the maximum spectrum of bioactive compound in the extract was at the wave length of 288.6 nm. Scrutiny using FTIR spectroscopy could identif y the presence of aromatic groups in the compound, containing -OH, C-H, C=C, C-O and C-H bond types. Analysis using GC-MS exhibited that the compound had molecular weight of 390 with molecular structure as C20H22O8. Ultimately, data analysis scrutiny with the aid of NMR judged the most plausible compound as bioactive was 4-Glucosyl-3, 4â, 5-trihydroxystilbene.

ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF GEMOR TREE SPECIES IN CENTRAL AND EAST KALIMANTAN Adinugroho, Wahyu C.; Sidiyasa, Kade; Rostiwati, Tati; Syamsuwida, Dida
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.1.50-64

The aim of this study was to determine the ecological conditions and distribution of gemor bark producing tree species at Tuanan village in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province and Long Daliq village in Kutai Barat, East Kalimantan Province. In order to collect adequate vegetation data, several obser vation plots were laid out by using purposive sampling. Primary and secondary data were collected from the plot areas by obser ving directly the habitat and its ecological condition of vegetation. It was revealed that the gemor tree species tended to grow well on the habitats which have a thin layer of peat (< 2 m), pH 3 â 4 and in a humid climatic condition. Â Two gemor bark producing tree species were identidfied in the study areas, namely Nothaphoebe coriacea (Kosterm.) Kosterm. and Â N. umbelliflora Blume. The similarity level of vegetation composition at both sites (Kapuas and Kutai Barat Districts) was low. The tree species richness in the plot areas of Tuanan in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan (82 species, 57 genera and 28 families) was higher than that found in Long Daliq, Kutai Barat District, East Kalimantan (38 species, 26 genera and 19 families).

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Google Scholar

Contact Name
Tutik Sriyati

Contact Email
ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Tutik Sriyati

Contact Email ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Phone -

Journal Mail Official ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Tutik Sriyati

Contact Email
ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
ijfr.forda@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA